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Program execution Functions
PHP Manual

# shell_exec

(PHP 4, PHP 5)

shell_exec — Execute command via shell and return the complete output as a string

### Description

string shell_exec ( string `$cmd` )

This function is identical to the backtick operator.

### Parameters

`cmd`

  The command that will be executed.

### Return Values

The output from the executed command or `NULL` if an error occurred or the command produces no output.

> Note:

> This function can return `NULL` both when an error occurs or the program produces no output. It is not possible to detect execution failures using this function. exec() should be used when access to the program exit code is required.

### Examples

Example #1 A shell_exec() example

`<?php
$output = shell_exec('ls -lart');
echo "<pre>$output</pre>";
?>`

### Notes

> Note:

> This function is disabled when PHP is running in safe mode.

### See Also

- exec() - Execute an external program
- escapeshellcmd() - Escape shell metacharacters

proc_terminate
system
Program execution Functions
PHP Manual